Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura (HSP)

HSP is a type of vasculitis in which blood vessels called capillaries become inflamed. These can bleed into the layers of the skin causing a purple red rash or into the kidneys, bowels and intestines.

The cause of HSP is unknown and is considered the result of an overly aggressive immune reaction. Cases have been diagnosed after respiratory infections, exposure to insect bites, chemical toxins, and following prescribed medications for other conditions. It is not contagious or inherited.

The disease usually resolves within 4-6 weeks with half having a second episode which is briefer and milder than the first.

• It has a characteristic rash present in all patients. The skin rash begins with small hives or bumps which over time change to a purple bruise.
• The rash mainly affects the legs and buttocks though can appear elsewhere on the body.
• Painful, swollen ankle and knee joints are common accompanied by joint stiffness or limited movement. Elbows, hands and feet may also be affected.
• Joint symptoms are usually transient and disappear within a few weeks.
• Abdominal pain may be present around the belly button and can be accompanied by gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Blood or protein in the urine may be present if the kidneys are affected, but these symptoms, although alarming, are not usually serious.

Diagnosis is made through physical examination and observed symptoms. Laboratory tests may be helpful in excluding other conditions and in determining the extent of kidney or bowel bleeding.

Prednisone (corticosteroids) may be prescribed haemorrhage is severe.

If you are using the internet to search for information about you child’s disease, in addition to the excellent Australian resources listed, we recommend information provided by Paediatric Rheumatology InterNational Trials Organisation (PRINTO).

PRINTO is an international public network of academic and/or clinical centres engaged in the research and clinical care of children with paediatric rheumatic diseases. They collect a lot of information world-wide and so the information they provide is reliable and up-to-date.